• 专利附录
  • 专利说明
  • 权利要求
  • 类似技术
  • 同族专利
  • 引用文献
  • 法律状态
  • 优先权
    • 专利摘要:
    The invention relates to a torque meter comprising a housing (12) in which can move a part (14) movable in translation in a longitudinal direction under the effect of an axial thrust representative of the torque to be measured. The torque meter is characterized in that it comprises a bearing surface (22) connected to the casing (12) by at least one of its ends, extending at least partly in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, a longitudinal end of said movable piece (14), said end (24) of contact, being adapted to be brought into contact with said bearing surface (22) so that a longitudinal displacement of the piece (14) movable causes a deformation of the bearing surface (22), and means (26) for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface (22).
    公开号:FR3035502A1
    申请号:FR1553756
    申请日:2015-04-27
    公开日:2016-10-28
    发明作者:Benjamin Fulleringer；Armand Bueno；Yannick Cazaux
    申请人:Turbomeca SA；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    [0001] TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a torque meter. In particular, the invention relates to a torque meter for measuring a torque of a transmission element of a turbine engine of an aircraft. 2. Technological background Torque meters are torque measuring devices that exist in many forms depending on the field of application, the equipment whose torque is to be measured and the degree of precision desired. In the field of aeronautics, hydraulic torque meters are frequently used. These torque meters operate for example through a helical gear intermediate gear, for which the applied torque causes an axial thrust proportional to the torque to be measured. This axial thrust is applied to a piston connected to the intermediate gear.
    [0002] Another frequently encountered embodiment is the measurement of the axial thrust of an epicyclic gear ring, also proportional to the torque to be measured. More generally, the measurement on any helical gear is possible. The movement of the piston as a function of the measured torque causes a pressure on the oil in a measuring chamber fed by a hydraulic circuit until the pressure exerted by the piston on the oil and the oil on the piston is balanced. The measurement of the pressure at this equilibrium by a pressure sensor makes it possible to deduce the measured torque. These hydraulic torque meters have the disadvantage of being sensitive to friction, due to sealing elements and bearings, and leakage, due to aging of the sealing elements, the change in viscosity of the oil, the temperature, etc. . Thus, the accuracy of hydraulic torque meters is not assured and their maintenance is regularly necessary. In addition, it is impossible to measure a negative torque with such torque meters. Other torque meters used are torque torsemeters, comparing the phase shift of the shaft subjected to torque with a rotating shaft but not subjected to torque. Nevertheless, the precision of the torque measurement by the torsion torque meters 3035502 2 depends on the length of the shaft, which leads to a large bulk of the torsion torque meters for an accurate measurement. In addition, the non-torque rotating shaft, which serves as a reference, represents additional cost and weight for the system. OBJECTIVES OF THE INVENTION The invention aims to overcome at least some of the disadvantages of known torque meters. In particular, the invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a compact torque meter.
    [0003] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a torque meter not using hydraulic elements requiring a management of the seal. The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a precise torque meter.
    [0004] The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment of the invention, a reliable torque meter, requiring little maintenance. The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a torque meter adapted to measure a negative torque. The invention also aims to provide, in at least one embodiment, a torque meter which is not very sensitive to temperature variations. 4. DISCLOSURE OF THE INVENTION To this end, the invention relates to a torque meter comprising a housing and a member movable in translation in the housing in a longitudinal direction under the effect of an axial thrust representative of a torque to be measured. , characterized in that it comprises: a bearing surface connected to the casing by at least one of its ends, extending at least partly in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, a longitudinal end of said moving part; said contact end being adapted to be brought into contact with said bearing surface so that a longitudinal displacement of the moving part causes deformation of the bearing surface, measuring means of the deformation of the bearing surface. A torque meter according to the invention thus makes it possible to measure the torque of a transmission element of a transmission chain, for example a transmission shaft, without resorting to a power or reference shaft or to hydraulic elements. A moving part moves in translation as a function of the torque to be measured, and this moving part causes the deformation of a bearing surface. The deformation of the bearing surface is therefore representative of the torque, and the measurement of this deformation makes it possible to determine the torque. The torque meter thus occupies a small footprint compared to a torsion torque meter and a space substantially equivalent to or less than a hydraulic torque meter, without requiring a hydraulic circuit and therefore without requiring associated sealing. The absence of a hydraulic circuit also facilitates maintenance. The bearing surface is connected directly or indirectly to the housing by one of its ends. An end of the bearing surface is for example one of the edges of the bearing surface. The contact end is preferably in contact with the bearing surface so that the deformation caused by the displacement of the moving part is maximized, so as to improve the accuracy of the deformation measurement. Advantageously, the deformation of the bearing surface is an elastic deformation. Maintaining the deformations of the bearing surface in an elastic range makes it possible to obtain the same measured torque for the same measured deformation. Advantageously and according to the invention, the means for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface comprise a proximity sensor, connected to the housing, oriented towards the bearing surface, and configured to measure the displacement of the surface of the support surface. support in the longitudinal direction. By displacement of the bearing surface is meant a modification of the position of at least a portion of the bearing surface.
    [0005] According to this aspect of the invention, the displacement of the bearing surface in the longitudinal direction is due to the bending of the bearing surface in the longitudinal direction due to the displacement of the moving part. This displacement is therefore 3035502 4 representative of the couple to be measured. The proximity sensor, measuring the distance between itself and the support surface, thus makes it possible to measure this displacement corresponding to a variation of this distance. Advantageously and according to this last aspect of the invention, the proximity sensor may be an inductive proximity sensor. According to this aspect of the invention, an inductive proximity sensor makes it possible to measure the displacement in good conditions by reducing the risks of measurement disturbances due to the nature of the medium between the proximity sensor and the support surface. In particular, the measurement is not disturbed in the presence of gases, particles, oil, etc. between the proximity sensor and the support surface, this presence being possible in the context of the use of the torque meter in a turbine engine. The inductive proximity sensor detects the distance with a metal object, the bearing surface must therefore, in this embodiment, be formed of metal or comprise at least a metal portion to which is oriented the proximity sensor 15. Advantageously, the proximity sensor is an inductive eddy current sensor. The inductive proximity sensors, including the eddy current sensor, have good accuracy and reliability, thereby obtaining a precise and reliable value of the torque to be measured. Advantageously and according to the invention, the contact end and the bearing surface are integrally connected by a fastener. According to this aspect of the invention, the fastening makes it possible to make the bearing surface and the moving part integral, thus enabling the measurement of negative torque, whatever the measuring means used. Advantageously, when the proximity sensor is an inductive sensor, the attachment is metallic and is oriented towards the proximity sensor. The proximity sensor thus measures the distance between itself and the metal fastener, to deduce the deformation of the bearing surface.
    [0006] Advantageously and according to the invention, the means for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface comprise at least one strain gauge arranged on the bearing surface and adapted to measure a value representative of the deformation of the bearing surface. bearing surface. According to this aspect of the invention, the deformation of the bearing surface being representative of the torque to be measured, a measurement of this deformation makes it possible to determine the torque. To improve the accuracy and stability (especially temperature) of the measurement, the strain gauge (s) can be connected to a Wheatstone bridge. Advantageously, the deformation measured by the strain gauge (s) is a deformation due to an extension or compression of the bearing surface, due to a force exerted by the contact end of the moving part on the surface. support. Advantageously and according to the invention, the bearing surface is connected to the housing by means of a support formed in a material that does not deform according to the temperature variations. According to this aspect of the invention, the support makes it possible to minimize the influence of the temperature on the measurement of the deformation of the bearing surface, especially when this measurement is obtained using a proximity sensor. The use of a separate housing support also facilitates maintenance, the support can be replaced, thus avoiding replacing the entire housing. Such a material that does not deform according to temperature variations is, for example, Invar. Advantageously and according to the invention, the bearing surface is formed in a material whose Young's modulus is insensitive to variations in temperature.
    [0007] According to this aspect of the invention, the deformation of the bearing surface measured by the deformation measuring means does not depend on the temperature of the bearing surface. Such a material whose Young's modulus is insensitive to changes in temperature is, for example, the Ellinvar. The Young's modulus thus varies by up to ± 1%, depending on the composition of the material used, in the temperature range to which the torque meter is subjected. Preferably, the bearing surface is formed of a material whose Young's modulus does not vary as a function of temperature in the temperature range to which the torque meter is subjected. In the context of the use of the torque meter in a turbine engine, the temperature variations in the torque meter can be significant. The measurement of the torque must therefore take into account these temperature variations, here reducing the effects of these variations. Advantageously, a torque meter according to the invention comprises means for measuring the temperature. According to this aspect of the invention, the temperature measurement by the temperature measuring means makes it possible to detect any temperature variations that may cause variations in the measurement of the torque. The torque value is then adjusted taking into account the measured temperature value. In the context of the use of the torque meter in a turbine engine, the temperature variations in the torque meter can be significant. The measurement of the torque must therefore take into account these temperature variations, here compensating for the effects of these variations. The invention also relates to a turbine engine comprising a transmission element, characterized in that it comprises a torque meter according to the invention mechanically connected to the transmission element so as to be able to measure the torque applied to the transmission element. The transmission element may be for example a shaft, a pinion with internal or external helical teeth, etc. The measured torque is thus the torque passing through the transmission of which the transmission element is part.
    [0008] The invention also relates to a torque meter and a turbine engine characterized in combination by all or some of the characteristics mentioned above or below. 5. List of Figures Further objects, features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following description given solely by way of non-limiting example and which refers to the appended figures in which: FIG. schematic sectional view of a torque meter according to one embodiment of the invention, Figure 2 is a schematic sectional view of a torque meter according to a second embodiment, Figure 3a is a schematic sectional view of a part of a torque meter according to one embodiment of the invention, measuring a torque C, at a temperature of 0 ° C, Figure 3b is a schematic sectional view of a portion of a torque meter 10 according to a method of embodiment of the invention, measuring a torque C, at a temperature of 150 ° C and comprising a temperature sensitive bearing surface and a housing insensitive to temperature variations, Figure 3c is a schematic sectional view of a part of a torque meter according to one embodiment of the invention, measuring a torque C, at a temperature of 150 ° C. and comprising a housing and a support surface responsive to temperature variations, FIG. 4 is a diagrammatic view in section of a torque meter according to a third embodiment of the invention, 6. Detailed Description of an Embodiment of the Invention The following embodiments are examples. Although the description refers to one or more embodiments, this does not necessarily mean that each reference relates to the same embodiment, or that the features apply only to a single embodiment. Simple features of different embodiments may also be combined to provide other embodiments. Figures, scales and proportions are not strictly adhered to for the purpose of illustration and clarity. Figures 1 and 2 show schematically in section a torque meter 10 according to a first and a second embodiment of the invention. The torque meter 10 30 comprises a housing 12, in which can move a moving part 14 in translation. The displacement in translation of the moving part 14 is carried out in a longitudinal direction, here parallel to an axis 16 of the moving part. In the views of Figures 1 to 4, the moving part 14 moves up and down or up and down. The torque meter 10 is advantageously used to measure the torque of a rotating shaft in a turbine engine of an aircraft.
    [0009] The moving part 14 is connected to a pinion 18, provided with one or more helical gears, by means of bearings 19. The torque applied to the pinion 18 transmits a thrust to the moving part 14, thus causing its displacement. The displacement in translation of the moving part 14 is therefore representative of the torque to be measured. The pinion 18 is connected to the casing 12 via bearings 20, the bearings 19 and the bearings 20 allowing the moving part 14 and the pinion 18 to move in the longitudinal direction, as well as the rotation around the axis 16 of the piece 14 mobile. The torquemeter comprises a bearing surface 22, connected to the casing 12 by at least one of its ends and extending in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction. For example, the bearing surface 22 may be an elongated plate, the length of which is greater than the other dimensions (thus comparable to a beam), the two ends of which are connected to the casing. The bearing surface 22 may also be a membrane, in particular a circular membrane, all of whose points at its periphery are considered as ends and are connected to the casing 12. The bearing surface 22 is in contact with one end of the moving part 14 , Said end 24 contact. The displacement of the moving part 14 thus causes a deformation of the support surface 22. In particular, the bearing surface 22 being connected at one of its ends to the casing 12 and extending substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, the deformation of the bearing surface 22 is manifested in particular by a displacement of the surface 22 of FIG. support and extension or compression of the bearing surface 22. The deformation is similar to a flexion of the bearing surface 22, the ends of the bearing surface 22 remaining fixed relative to the casing 12 and the part of the bearing surface 22 in contact with the end 24 of FIG. contact undergoing the force exerted by the moving part 14 due to its displacement, this force being substantially perpendicular to the plane in which the support surface 22 extends.
    [0010] In order to measure this deformation of the bearing surface 22 and thus to determine the torque to be measured, the torque meter 10 comprises means for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface 22.
    [0011] According to a first embodiment, represented in FIG. 1, the means for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface 22 comprise a proximity sensor 26, otherwise known as a proximity gauge, for measuring the distance between itself and the surface. 22 support. Depending on the torque to be measured, this distance varies due to the displacement of the bearing surface 22 in the longitudinal direction. The comparison of the distance measured when applying a torque with the distance measured when no torque is applied makes it possible to determine the displacement of the bearing surface 22. The torque meter 10 may further comprise a fastener 28 for integrally connecting the moving part 14 to the bearing surface 22. In this case, the proximity sensor 26 can measure the distance between itself and the attachment 28 rather than the support surface 22, which does not modify the measurement of the torque, based on the difference between the distances measured with or without a couple. The proximity sensor 26 is advantageously an inductive type proximity sensor, since this type of sensor is undisturbed by the medium between the bearing surface 22 and the proximity sensor 26. In particular, when the torque meter 10 is used in a turbine engine, the medium may comprise hot gases and oil. An inductive proximity sensor measures the distance between itself and a metal element: consequently, either the bearing surface 22 or the portion of the bearing surface 22 towards which the proximity sensor 26 is oriented must be metallic, or, if the torque meter 10 comprises an attachment 28 of the bearing surface 22 to the moving part 14, this attachment 28 can be metallic and the proximity sensor 26 is then oriented towards the attachment 28. In practice, for example for a torque meter used in a turbine engine, the distance between the proximity sensor 26 and the support surface 22 (or the attachment 28) is less than 10 mm. The difference in displacement of the bearing surface 22 between the minimum torque to be measured and the maximum torque to be measured is of the order of 0.3 mm. Commonly used proximity sensors can measure over a range of 1mm with a sensitivity of the order of 0.1p.m.
    [0012] According to a second embodiment, represented in FIG. 2, the means for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface 22 comprise at least one deformation gauge 30, here two for example, making it possible to measure the deformation of the deformation 22. support surface 22, in particular the deformation due to the extension or the compression of the support surface 22 caused by the displacement of the moving part 14. A strain gauge, otherwise known as a strain gauge, generally consists of a conductive part whose electrical resistance varies according to the deformation of the part. The piece consists of a long folded electric track forming a grid or a turn. The variation of the electrical resistance of the conductive part is representative of the deformation of the strain gauge.
    [0013] The proximity sensor 26 of the first embodiment and the strain gauge or gauges 30 of the second embodiment may be used alone or in combination to allow for example a correlation of the results of the deformation measurements and thus improve the measurement of the torque.
    [0014] The measurement of the deformation of the bearing surface 22 is sensitive to the temperature variations of the torque meter 10. In particular, the bearing surface 22 and the casing 12 are capable of deforming in the event of a variation of the temperature, this deformation adding to the deformations caused by the moving part 14. In addition, temperature variations can also modify the measurements obtained by the deformation measurement means. To overcome these problems, several options are possible. These options can be combined in particular. An option, for example, which applies to all embodiments, is to add to the torque meter 10 a means for measuring the temperature. The temperature is thus known, and the strain measurements made can be corrected as a function of the measured temperature. With regard to the second embodiment shown in FIG. 2, in order to reduce the effects of temperature variations on the strain gauges, these are connected in such a way that they form a Wheatstone bridge (not shown).
    [0015] Figures 3a, 3b, and 3c schematically show in section a portion of a torque meter 10 according to one embodiment, measuring a torque C, according to several temperature conditions. Torque meter 10 here again incorporates the elements of the first embodiment. Figure 3a shows the torque meter 10 measuring a torque C, and subjected to a temperature of 0 ° C. The movable part 14 exerts a force on the bearing surface 22, causing a deformation of the bearing surface 22. A proximity sensor 5 measures this deformation by determining the distance, represented by the double arrow 32, between itself and the bearing surface, or here the attachment. Figure 3b shows the torque meter 10 measuring the same torque C, and subjected to a temperature of 150 ° C. The casing 12 used on this torque meter is not sensitive to temperature variations, for example the distance represented by the double arrow 34 has not changed with respect to the torque meter 10 of FIG. 3a. A material that does not undergo deformation when the temperature varies is, for example, Invar, an alloy of iron and nickel (generally 64% iron and 36% nickel). The bearing surface 22 is sensitive to temperature variations, so the bearing surface 22 deforms differently from the torquemeter 10 shown in FIG. 3a, subjected to a temperature of 0 ° C. The difference in deformation is due in particular to a variation in the stiffness of the support surface 22 as a function of the temperature. Here, the distance between the proximity sensor 26 and the bearing surface 22 (or the attachment 28) is reduced for the same torque C. Thus, the measurement of the torque must take into account the variation of the rigidity of the surface 22, for example by measuring the temperature to compensate for this variation. It is also possible to use a housing 12 sensitive to temperature variations, as shown in FIG. 3c. In addition, the housing 12 is also dimensioned so that the temperature variations are calculated so that at a defined torque, the distance measured by the proximity sensor 26 is the same whatever the temperature: the expansion of the housing 12 in the event of an increase in temperature, the distance between the proximity sensor 26 and the support surface 22 (or the attachment) increases so as to compensate for the difference in deformation of the support surface 22 due to the increase in temperature. As can be seen in FIG. 3c, the distance represented by the double arrow 36 is the same as the distance 32 in FIG. 3a, for the same torque C measured by the torque meter, in order to reduce the measurement error to any other different couple of C.
    [0016] FIG. 4 diagrammatically shows in section a third embodiment of the torque meter 10, in which the torque meter 10 comprises a support 38 connecting the bearing surface 22 to the casing 12. In particular, the bearing surface 22 is connected to the support 38 by means 40a, 40b of fasteners, and the support 38 is itself connected to the housing 12 by means 42a, 42b of attachment. The proximity sensor 26 is disposed on this support 38. Only the lower part of the torque meter 10 is shown. In order to allow a lower sensitivity of the torque meter to temperature variations, the support 38 is formed of a material which does not deform in the event of temperature variation, for example Invar, and the bearing surface 22 is formed of a material whose Young's modulus varies little in the event of temperature variation, for example in Ellinvar, a nickel steel alloy (generally 36% nickel, 12% chromium). Thus, the deformations of the bearing surface 22 measured by the means for measuring the deformation due to the displacement of the moving part 14 are stable when the temperature at which the torque meter 10 is subjected varies. 15
    权利要求:
    Claims (10)
    [0001]
    REVENDICATIONS1. Torquemeter comprising a casing (12) and a part (14) movably mounted in translation in the casing in a longitudinal direction under the effect of an axial thrust representative of a torque to be measured, characterized in that it comprises: a bearing surface (22) connected to the casing (12) by at least one of its ends, extending at least partly in a plane substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction, a longitudinal end of said movable piece (14), said contact end (24) being adapted to be brought into contact with said bearing surface (22) so that a longitudinal displacement of the movable part (14) causes a deformation of the surface (22) of support, means (26, 30) for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface (22).
    [0002]
    2. Torque meter according to claim 1, characterized in that the means for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface (22) comprise a sensor (26) of proximity, connected to the housing (12), directed towards the surface (22). ), and configured to measure the displacement of the bearing surface (22) in the longitudinal direction.
    [0003]
    3. Torque meter according to claim 2, characterized in that the proximity sensor (26) is an inductive proximity sensor.
    [0004]
    4. Torque meter according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the end (24) of contact and the surface (22) of support are integrally connected by a fastener (28).
    [0005]
    5. Torquemeter according to claim 4, characterized in that the fastener (28) is metallic.
    [0006]
    6. Torque meter according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the bearing surface (22) is connected to the casing (12) via a support (38) formed in a deforming material not according to temperature variations. 3035502 14
    [0007]
    7. Torque meter according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the means for measuring the deformation of the bearing surface (22) comprise at least one strain gauge (30) disposed on the surface (22). ) and adapted to measure a value representative of the deformation of the bearing surface (22).
    [0008]
    8. The torquemeter according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bearing surface (22) is formed in a material whose Young's modulus does not vary as a function of temperature. 10
    [0009]
    9. Torque meter according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that it comprises means for measuring the temperature.
    [0010]
    10. Turbomotor comprising a transmission element, characterized in that it comprises a torque meter (10) according to one of claims 1 to 9 mechanically connected to the transmission element so as to be able to measure the torque applied to the transmission element.
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    法律状态:
    2016-04-14| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 2 |
    2016-10-28| PLSC| Search report ready|Effective date: 20161028 |
    2017-04-07| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 3 |
    2017-09-01| CD| Change of name or company name|Owner name: SAFRAN HELICOPTER ENGINES, FR Effective date: 20170727 |
    2018-03-22| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 4 |
    2020-03-19| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 6 |
    2021-03-23| PLFP| Fee payment|Year of fee payment: 7 |
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    FR1553756A|FR3035502B1|2015-04-27|2015-04-27|COUPLER WITH DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT|FR1553756A| FR3035502B1|2015-04-27|2015-04-27|COUPLER WITH DEFORMATION MEASUREMENT|
    KR1020177030403A| KR20170140207A|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Torque meter for strain measurement|
    PL16723424T| PL3289329T3|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Deformation measuring torque meter|
    JP2017555290A| JP6728232B2|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Deformation measurement torque meter|
    CA2983187A| CA2983187A1|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Deformation measuring torque meter|
    CN201680022821.2A| CN107532958A|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Deformation measurement torquemeter|
    EP16723424.4A| EP3289329B1|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Deformation measuring torque meter|
    PCT/FR2016/050916| WO2016174330A1|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Deformation measuring torque meter|
    US15/568,264| US10557767B2|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Deformation—measuring torque meter|
    RU2017134359A| RU2703610C2|2015-04-27|2016-04-20|Deformation measurement torsionometer|
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